Sesame sesamum indicum is the oldest oilseed crop belongs to the family pedaliaceae domesticated well over 3000 year ago. The information here is generally for the texas south plains, texas rolling plains and toward the concho valley, and southwest oklahoma in texas it is anticipated that sesame production closer to i 35 in north and central will lead to increased disease issues. Almost all the sample farmers had grown sesame in the two. Sesame can be planted as a primary crop or a secondary crop after wheat langham et al. New approaches for crop improvement several opportunities now exist for sesame improvement as a result of recent developments in plant tissue culture and generic manipulation of crop plants. Sesame is one of the most ancient oil crops known to mankind. It was a highly prized oil crop of babylon and assyria at least 4,000 years ago. Sesamefarm a new irrigation scheduling model for sesame. Numerous wild relatives occur in africa and a smaller number in india. Crop production hindi pdf download 2 all agriculture.
A long value chain characterizes sesame value chain in ethiopia. Sesame increases moisture retention and soil tilth, and the following crops have increased yields with reduced production costs. Farmers guide for the froduction and postharvest handling of. The results showed that sesame is a multiethnic crop and only 20% of the total fields owned by farmers were allocated to its cultivation. It is a warm season annual crop and is considered drought tolerant, but needs good soil moisture for establishment and for high yield. Find out how to start growing sesame, how to choose the right type of soil, technical details about sesame and the right techniques for harvesting and storage of sesame seeds to ensure a. Soils, plant growth and crop production growth and production of sesame elly kafiriti and omari mponda encyclopedia of life support systems eolss whole or ground sesame seeds are used in various food preparations. Its seeds contain between 50 and 58 % of very good semidrying oil, mostly with oleic and linoleic triglycerides. Pdf oilseed crops are highvalue agricultural commodity for use in refined.
It is widely naturalized in tropical regions around the world and is cultivated for its edible seeds, which grow in pods. Irrigated puddled lowland rice any irrigated dry crop maize sorghum pearl millet finger millet cotton groundnut sunflower sesame the student. Sesame crop is one of the oldest oil producing crops around the world, which has a high ability to adapt to tropical and semitropical regions. It is also, and more importantly, drought tolerant. Growing sesame complete guide for beginners modern. Sesame has negligible economic damage from deer, hogs, and birds. The taste of sesame differs among varieties, and can be negatively affected by poor postharvest processing and storage. Weed control and the use of herbicides in sesame production 43 silo, to the cleaning equipment, and within the cleaning process. China is the worlds largest consumer and 70% of worlds sesame crop is grown in asia followed by africa having a gross share of 26% in the world. Sesame is a high value and important oilseed crop owing to its dietary uses, health benefits and industrial applications. The crop has since spread from the fertile crescent of the ancient near east to be grown in many parts of the world on over.
Review of sesame value chain in ethiopia terefe negasa abebe department of agricultural economics and extension abstract this current topic has analyzed the sesame value chain particularly the case of ethiopia. Gram or chickpea crop production pdf download in hindi. It considerably differs in size, formshape, growth habit, color of flowers, seed size and color and. Current and potential growing areas introduction sesame, sesamum indicum l.
Ethiopia has large area to be cultivated under irrigation conditions. Up to 2012, somalia was ranked the 12th leading sesame exporting country, thats before the production went low for the last 2 years. Compliments cotton production as a cash crop in rotation and so diversifying production risks. The yield and the seasonal production of sesame per farmer was quite weak showing that this crop is still a commodity grown on a small scale. Sesame requires less labor and chemical inputs, has a high productivity and. Archaeological remnants suggest sesame was first domesticated in the indian subcontinent dating to 5500 years ago. It is grown as a rain fed crop throughout the tropics and subtropics. Observe the crop, considering the average duration of the crop. Planting progress for 2019 was behind the average national pace and some soybeans were planted late in early january due to drought in december for the northeast states 14 mmt production. Insects associated with sesamun indicum and the impact of. Sesame is an erect annual plant that can reach 4 7 feet in height when planted early under high moisture conditions. Sesame production practices in pakistan introduction. Sesame is a major cash crop, which is mainly produced as an export crop.
Sesame plants can be regenerated from shoot apical meristems and hypocotyl segments and grown to maturity in less than four months. Muez berhe at ethiopian institute of agricultural research. Because of its ability to survive adverse conditions, sesame crop can be planted using. Free how to download pdf book full guide outline of practical crop production the crops are. Agronomy journal abstract crop economics, production.
Sesame increases moisture retention and soil tilth, and the following crops have increased yields with reduced production. Table 2 shows the sesame production and trade worldwide and table 3 enlists the major sesame producers fao, 2005. Sesaco has been around since 1978 and is the sole leader in genetic development. The sesame seeds or its powder or its oil used in various indian dishes as a flavouring agent. Pdf on mar 8, 2012, muez berhe and others published sesame production. Nondehiscent varieties of sesame adapted for mechanical harvesting are the only varieties insurable. Sesame oil maintains a balanced fatty acid composition with more or less. Nutritional, medicinal and industrial uses of sesame sesamum indicum l.
The crop has since spread from the fertile crescent of the ancient near east to be grown in many parts of the world on over 5 million acres. Returning from the field, the teams prepared summaries of data and information acquired during the visits for discussion and explanation in detailed debriefings before inclusion in the final mission report. How to grow sesame plantation, harvest and storage. Sesame or til is the most ancient crop cultivated for its oil in the subcontinent.
Sesame production, challenges and opportunities in ethiopia. The taste of sesame differs among varieties, and can be negatively affected. This chapter provides a brief overview of sesame cultivation. In india the sesame crop can be cultivated as kharif, summer, and also as semirabi crop. Analysis of sesame marketing chain in case of gimbi. It would take at least 100,000 acres of sesame in the u. Sesame farming gingelly information guide agri farming. Weed control and the use of herbicides in sesame production. Th e crop of sesame is commercialized in a number of forms. Sesame a high value oilseed overview sesame is an ancient oilseed, first recorded as a crop in babylon and assyria over 4,000 years ago. United states agriculture world agricultural production. The northern and eastern regions are the main centres of production. It is typically a crop of small farmers in the developing countries. Sesame cultures are relatively easy to grow and can adapt to both temperate and tropical climates.
A value chain analysis of sesame marketing in northern uganda icrisat socioeconomics discussion paper series i abstract uganda is the worlds fifth largest producer of sesame. Nutritional, medicinal and industrial uses of sesame. Sesame suppresses the rootknot nematode and cotton root rot for the following crop. Crop description sesame is a broadleaf plant that grows to a height of 1. Sesamum indicum is a flowering plant in the genus sesamum, also called benne. Sesame is known to be a relatively low input crop, able to reach good yields with 60 lbsac of nitrogen fertilizer. However, most of the sesame in the world is consumed as oil. Generally, sesame is a lowinput crop, requiring no herbicide use, so production costs tend to be less than soybean or sorghum myers, 2002. World production of sesame seed out of the estimated 3. Sesame is one of the oldest oilseed crops and an important oil yielding crop with oil content of 40 to 50 % and popularly known as til or gingelly. Sesame sesamum indicum is a broadleaf summer crop that belongs to the pedaliaceae plant family which has bellshaped flowers and opposite leaves.
The small size of the sesame seed is similar to the size of many weed seeds langham, 2008. Sesame alternative crop guide iowa state university extension. In fact, in some african countries it is the last crop that can be grown when every other crop fails under severe drought. Today, india and china are the worlds largest producers of sesame, followed by burma, sudan. Sesame crops like many other smallseeded crops require a fine tilth for good germination and crop establishment. The sesame seed is considered to be the oldest oilseed crop known to humanity. Production and yield data must be recorded on the basis of the pounds of clean dry sesame seed paid for by the processor.
Sesame will require approximately 40 to 80 pounds of nitrogen per acre on irrigated production and 25 to 60 pounds of nitrogen per acre on dryland production, see table 3. University of agriculture and technology, sirohi307001, india received. Sesame is an arid crop that can be productive with low amounts of rainfall. The insured crop and the production to count are the clean dry sesame seed.